Turbulent flows and small-scale turbulence

This course starts with the fully general Karman-Howarth-Monin-Hill-Germano theory of two-point small-scale turbulence with application to various cases of non-homogeneous and/or non-stationary turbulence. This leads to simple laws for various turbulence transfer rates and the importance of the turbulence dissipation scaling which has a determining impact on the theory of self-preserving turbulent shear flows. After a detailed exposition of this theory, the course moves to the study of entrainment, turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces and their physics and ends with basics of one-point turbulence modeling and two-point turbulence modeling (LES).